∫ 1_____________ (a+a sec(e+fx))3∕2(c−c sec(e+fx))3 dx

3.78 \(\int \frac {1}{(a+a \sec (e+f x))^{3/2} (c-c \sec (e+f x))^3} \, dx\)

Optimal. Leaf size=249 \[ \frac {2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a \sec (e+f x)+a}}\right )}{a^{3/2} c^3 f}-\frac {11 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {a \sec (e+f x)+a}}\right )}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{3/2} c^3 f}-\frac {3 \cot ^5(e+f x) (a \sec (e+f x)+a)^{5/2}}{20 a^4 c^3 f}+\frac {\cos (e+f x) \cot ^5(e+f x) \sec ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right ) (a \sec (e+f x)+a)^{5/2}}{4 a^4 c^3 f}-\frac {5 \cot ^3(e+f x) (a \sec (e+f x)+a)^{3/2}}{24 a^3 c^3 f}+\frac {21 \cot (e+f x) \sqrt {a \sec (e+f x)+a}}{16 a^2 c^3 f} \]

[Out]

2*arctan(a^(1/2)*tan(f*x+e)/(a+a*sec(f*x+e))^(1/2))/a^(3/2)/c^3/f-5/24*cot(f*x+e)^3*(a+a*sec(f*x+e))^(3/2)/a^3

/c^3/f-3/20*cot(f*x+e)^5*(a+a*sec(f*x+e))^(5/2)/a^4/c^3/f+1/4*cos(f*x+e)*cot(f*x+e)^5*sec(1/2*e+1/2*f*x)^2*(a+

a*sec(f*x+e))^(5/2)/a^4/c^3/f-11/32*arctan(1/2*a^(1/2)*tan(f*x+e)*2^(1/2)/(a+a*sec(f*x+e))^(1/2))/a^(3/2)/c^3/

f*2^(1/2)+21/16*cot(f*x+e)*(a+a*sec(f*x+e))^(1/2)/a^2/c^3/f

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Rubi [A] time = 0.34, antiderivative size = 249, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 9, number of rules used = 6, integrand size = 28, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.214, Rules used = {3904, 3887, 472, 583, 522, 203} \[ -\frac {3 \cot ^5(e+f x) (a \sec (e+f x)+a)^{5/2}}{20 a^4 c^3 f}-\frac {5 \cot ^3(e+f x) (a \sec (e+f x)+a)^{3/2}}{24 a^3 c^3 f}+\frac {21 \cot (e+f x) \sqrt {a \sec (e+f x)+a}}{16 a^2 c^3 f}+\frac {2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a \sec (e+f x)+a}}\right )}{a^{3/2} c^3 f}-\frac {11 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {a \sec (e+f x)+a}}\right )}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{3/2} c^3 f}+\frac {\cos (e+f x) \cot ^5(e+f x) \sec ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right ) (a \sec (e+f x)+a)^{5/2}}{4 a^4 c^3 f} \]

Antiderivative was successfully veriﬁed.

[In]

Int[1/((a + a*Sec[e + f*x])^(3/2)*(c - c*Sec[e + f*x])^3),x]

[Out]

(2*ArcTan[(Sqrt[a]*Tan[e + f*x])/Sqrt[a + a*Sec[e + f*x]]])/(a^(3/2)*c^3*f) - (11*ArcTan[(Sqrt[a]*Tan[e + f*x]

)/(Sqrt[2]*Sqrt[a + a*Sec[e + f*x]])])/(16*Sqrt[2]*a^(3/2)*c^3*f) + (21*Cot[e + f*x]*Sqrt[a + a*Sec[e + f*x]])

/(16*a^2*c^3*f) - (5*Cot[e + f*x]^3*(a + a*Sec[e + f*x])^(3/2))/(24*a^3*c^3*f) - (3*Cot[e + f*x]^5*(a + a*Sec[

e + f*x])^(5/2))/(20*a^4*c^3*f) + (Cos[e + f*x]*Cot[e + f*x]^5*Sec[(e + f*x)/2]^2*(a + a*Sec[e + f*x])^(5/2))/

(4*a^4*c^3*f)

Rule 203

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(1*ArcTan[(Rt[b, 2]*x)/Rt[a, 2]])/(Rt[a, 2]*Rt[b, 2]), x] /;

FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] && (GtQ[a, 0] || GtQ[b, 0])

Rule 472

Int[((e_.)*(x_))^(m_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_)*((c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(q_), x_Symbol] :> -Simp[(b*(e*x

)^(m + 1)*(a + b*x^n)^(p + 1)*(c + d*x^n)^(q + 1))/(a*e*n*(b*c - a*d)*(p + 1)), x] + Dist[1/(a*n*(b*c - a*d)*(

p + 1)), Int[(e*x)^m*(a + b*x^n)^(p + 1)*(c + d*x^n)^q*Simp[c*b*(m + 1) + n*(b*c - a*d)*(p + 1) + d*b*(m + n*(

p + q + 2) + 1)*x^n, x], x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, m, q}, x] && NeQ[b*c - a*d, 0] && IGtQ[n, 0] && LtQ[p

, -1] && IntBinomialQ[a, b, c, d, e, m, n, p, q, x]

Rule 522

Int[((e_) + (f_.)*(x_)^(n_))/(((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))*((c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^(n_))), x_Symbol] :> Dist[(b*e - a*f

)/(b*c - a*d), Int[1/(a + b*x^n), x], x] - Dist[(d*e - c*f)/(b*c - a*d), Int[1/(c + d*x^n), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a

, b, c, d, e, f, n}, x]

Rule 583

Int[((g_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_.)*((c_) + (d_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(q_.)*((e_) + (f_.)*(x_)^(n_)),

x_Symbol] :> Simp[(e*(g*x)^(m + 1)*(a + b*x^n)^(p + 1)*(c + d*x^n)^(q + 1))/(a*c*g*(m + 1)), x] + Dist[1/(a*c*

g^n*(m + 1)), Int[(g*x)^(m + n)*(a + b*x^n)^p*(c + d*x^n)^q*Simp[a*f*c*(m + 1) - e*(b*c + a*d)*(m + n + 1) - e

*n*(b*c*p + a*d*q) - b*e*d*(m + n*(p + q + 2) + 1)*x^n, x], x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f, g, p, q}, x] &&

IGtQ[n, 0] && LtQ[m, -1]

Rule 3887

Int[cot[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]^(m_.)*(csc[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]*(b_.) + (a_))^(n_.), x_Symbol] :> Dist[(-2*a^(m/2 +

n + 1/2))/d, Subst[Int[(x^m*(2 + a*x^2)^(m/2 + n - 1/2))/(1 + a*x^2), x], x, Cot[c + d*x]/Sqrt[a + b*Csc[c +

d*x]]], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && EqQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && IntegerQ[m/2] && IntegerQ[n - 1/2]

Rule 3904

Int[(csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(b_.) + (a_))^(m_.)*(csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(d_.) + (c_))^(n_.), x_Symbol] :> Di

st[(-(a*c))^m, Int[Cot[e + f*x]^(2*m)*(c + d*Csc[e + f*x])^(n - m), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, f, n}, x]

&& EqQ[b*c + a*d, 0] && EqQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && IntegerQ[m] && RationalQ[n] && !(IntegerQ[n] && GtQ[m - n, 0])

Rubi steps

\begin {align*} \int \frac {1}{(a+a \sec (e+f x))^{3/2} (c-c \sec (e+f x))^3} \, dx &=-\frac {\int \cot ^6(e+f x) (a+a \sec (e+f x))^{3/2} \, dx}{a^3 c^3}\\ &=\frac {2 \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{x^6 \left (1+a x^2\right ) \left (2+a x^2\right )^2} \, dx,x,-\frac {\tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}}\right )}{a^4 c^3 f}\\ &=\frac {\cos (e+f x) \cot ^5(e+f x) \sec ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right ) (a+a \sec (e+f x))^{5/2}}{4 a^4 c^3 f}+\frac {\operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {-3 a-7 a^2 x^2}{x^6 \left (1+a x^2\right ) \left (2+a x^2\right )} \, dx,x,-\frac {\tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}}\right )}{2 a^5 c^3 f}\\ &=-\frac {3 \cot ^5(e+f x) (a+a \sec (e+f x))^{5/2}}{20 a^4 c^3 f}+\frac {\cos (e+f x) \cot ^5(e+f x) \sec ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right ) (a+a \sec (e+f x))^{5/2}}{4 a^4 c^3 f}-\frac {\operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {25 a^2-15 a^3 x^2}{x^4 \left (1+a x^2\right ) \left (2+a x^2\right )} \, dx,x,-\frac {\tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}}\right )}{20 a^5 c^3 f}\\ &=-\frac {5 \cot ^3(e+f x) (a+a \sec (e+f x))^{3/2}}{24 a^3 c^3 f}-\frac {3 \cot ^5(e+f x) (a+a \sec (e+f x))^{5/2}}{20 a^4 c^3 f}+\frac {\cos (e+f x) \cot ^5(e+f x) \sec ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right ) (a+a \sec (e+f x))^{5/2}}{4 a^4 c^3 f}+\frac {\operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {315 a^3+75 a^4 x^2}{x^2 \left (1+a x^2\right ) \left (2+a x^2\right )} \, dx,x,-\frac {\tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}}\right )}{120 a^5 c^3 f}\\ &=\frac {21 \cot (e+f x) \sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}}{16 a^2 c^3 f}-\frac {5 \cot ^3(e+f x) (a+a \sec (e+f x))^{3/2}}{24 a^3 c^3 f}-\frac {3 \cot ^5(e+f x) (a+a \sec (e+f x))^{5/2}}{20 a^4 c^3 f}+\frac {\cos (e+f x) \cot ^5(e+f x) \sec ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right ) (a+a \sec (e+f x))^{5/2}}{4 a^4 c^3 f}-\frac {\operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {795 a^4+315 a^5 x^2}{\left (1+a x^2\right ) \left (2+a x^2\right )} \, dx,x,-\frac {\tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}}\right )}{240 a^5 c^3 f}\\ &=\frac {21 \cot (e+f x) \sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}}{16 a^2 c^3 f}-\frac {5 \cot ^3(e+f x) (a+a \sec (e+f x))^{3/2}}{24 a^3 c^3 f}-\frac {3 \cot ^5(e+f x) (a+a \sec (e+f x))^{5/2}}{20 a^4 c^3 f}+\frac {\cos (e+f x) \cot ^5(e+f x) \sec ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right ) (a+a \sec (e+f x))^{5/2}}{4 a^4 c^3 f}+\frac {11 \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{2+a x^2} \, dx,x,-\frac {\tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}}\right )}{16 a c^3 f}-\frac {2 \operatorname {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+a x^2} \, dx,x,-\frac {\tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}}\right )}{a c^3 f}\\ &=\frac {2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}}\right )}{a^{3/2} c^3 f}-\frac {11 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {a} \tan (e+f x)}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}}\right )}{16 \sqrt {2} a^{3/2} c^3 f}+\frac {21 \cot (e+f x) \sqrt {a+a \sec (e+f x)}}{16 a^2 c^3 f}-\frac {5 \cot ^3(e+f x) (a+a \sec (e+f x))^{3/2}}{24 a^3 c^3 f}-\frac {3 \cot ^5(e+f x) (a+a \sec (e+f x))^{5/2}}{20 a^4 c^3 f}+\frac {\cos (e+f x) \cot ^5(e+f x) \sec ^2\left (\frac {1}{2} (e+f x)\right ) (a+a \sec (e+f x))^{5/2}}{4 a^4 c^3 f}\\ \end {align*}

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Mathematica [C] time = 23.98, size = 5629, normalized size = 22.61 \[ \text {Result too large to show} \]

Warning: Unable to verify antiderivative.

[In]

Integrate[1/((a + a*Sec[e + f*x])^(3/2)*(c - c*Sec[e + f*x])^3),x]

[Out]

Result too large to show

________________________________________________________________________________________

fricas [A] time = 0.69, size = 714, normalized size = 2.87 \[ \left [-\frac {165 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{3} - \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + 1\right )} \sqrt {-a} \log \left (-\frac {2 \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {-a} \sqrt {\frac {a \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \cos \left (f x + e\right ) \sin \left (f x + e\right ) - 3 \, a \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - 2 \, a \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + 2 \, \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + 1}\right ) \sin \left (f x + e\right ) + 480 \, {\left (\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{3} - \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + 1\right )} \sqrt {-a} \log \left (-\frac {8 \, a \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{3} + 4 \, {\left (2 \, \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - \cos \left (f x + e\right )\right )} \sqrt {-a} \sqrt {\frac {a \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \sin \left (f x + e\right ) - 7 \, a \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a}{\cos \left (f x + e\right ) + 1}\right ) \sin \left (f x + e\right ) - 4 \, {\left (449 \, \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{4} - 351 \, \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{3} - 365 \, \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + 315 \, \cos \left (f x + e\right )\right )} \sqrt {\frac {a \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}}}{960 \, {\left (a^{2} c^{3} f \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{3} - a^{2} c^{3} f \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - a^{2} c^{3} f \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a^{2} c^{3} f\right )} \sin \left (f x + e\right )}, \frac {165 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{3} - \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + 1\right )} \sqrt {a} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\frac {a \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \cos \left (f x + e\right )}{\sqrt {a} \sin \left (f x + e\right )}\right ) \sin \left (f x + e\right ) + 480 \, {\left (\cos \left (f x + e\right )^{3} - \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + 1\right )} \sqrt {a} \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, \sqrt {a} \sqrt {\frac {a \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}} \cos \left (f x + e\right ) \sin \left (f x + e\right )}{2 \, a \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + a \cos \left (f x + e\right ) - a}\right ) \sin \left (f x + e\right ) + 2 \, {\left (449 \, \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{4} - 351 \, \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{3} - 365 \, \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} + 315 \, \cos \left (f x + e\right )\right )} \sqrt {\frac {a \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a}{\cos \left (f x + e\right )}}}{480 \, {\left (a^{2} c^{3} f \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{3} - a^{2} c^{3} f \cos \left (f x + e\right )^{2} - a^{2} c^{3} f \cos \left (f x + e\right ) + a^{2} c^{3} f\right )} \sin \left (f x + e\right )}\right ] \]

Veriﬁcation of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(1/(a+a*sec(f*x+e))^(3/2)/(c-c*sec(f*x+e))^3,x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

[-1/960*(165*sqrt(2)*(cos(f*x + e)^3 - cos(f*x + e)^2 - cos(f*x + e) + 1)*sqrt(-a)*log(-(2*sqrt(2)*sqrt(-a)*sq

rt((a*cos(f*x + e) + a)/cos(f*x + e))*cos(f*x + e)*sin(f*x + e) - 3*a*cos(f*x + e)^2 - 2*a*cos(f*x + e) + a)/(

cos(f*x + e)^2 + 2*cos(f*x + e) + 1))*sin(f*x + e) + 480*(cos(f*x + e)^3 - cos(f*x + e)^2 - cos(f*x + e) + 1)*

sqrt(-a)*log(-(8*a*cos(f*x + e)^3 + 4*(2*cos(f*x + e)^2 - cos(f*x + e))*sqrt(-a)*sqrt((a*cos(f*x + e) + a)/cos

(f*x + e))*sin(f*x + e) - 7*a*cos(f*x + e) + a)/(cos(f*x + e) + 1))*sin(f*x + e) - 4*(449*cos(f*x + e)^4 - 351

*cos(f*x + e)^3 - 365*cos(f*x + e)^2 + 315*cos(f*x + e))*sqrt((a*cos(f*x + e) + a)/cos(f*x + e)))/((a^2*c^3*f*

cos(f*x + e)^3 - a^2*c^3*f*cos(f*x + e)^2 - a^2*c^3*f*cos(f*x + e) + a^2*c^3*f)*sin(f*x + e)), 1/480*(165*sqrt

(2)*(cos(f*x + e)^3 - cos(f*x + e)^2 - cos(f*x + e) + 1)*sqrt(a)*arctan(sqrt(2)*sqrt((a*cos(f*x + e) + a)/cos(

f*x + e))*cos(f*x + e)/(sqrt(a)*sin(f*x + e)))*sin(f*x + e) + 480*(cos(f*x + e)^3 - cos(f*x + e)^2 - cos(f*x +

e) + 1)*sqrt(a)*arctan(2*sqrt(a)*sqrt((a*cos(f*x + e) + a)/cos(f*x + e))*cos(f*x + e)*sin(f*x + e)/(2*a*cos(f

*x + e)^2 + a*cos(f*x + e) - a))*sin(f*x + e) + 2*(449*cos(f*x + e)^4 - 351*cos(f*x + e)^3 - 365*cos(f*x + e)^

2 + 315*cos(f*x + e))*sqrt((a*cos(f*x + e) + a)/cos(f*x + e)))/((a^2*c^3*f*cos(f*x + e)^3 - a^2*c^3*f*cos(f*x

+ e)^2 - a^2*c^3*f*cos(f*x + e) + a^2*c^3*f)*sin(f*x + e))]

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giac [F(-2)] time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[ \text {Exception raised: TypeError} \]

Veriﬁcation of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(1/(a+a*sec(f*x+e))^(3/2)/(c-c*sec(f*x+e))^3,x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

Exception raised: TypeError >> An error occurred running a Giac command:INPUT:sage2:=int(sage0,x):;OUTPUT:Unab

le to check sign: (2*pi/x/2)>(-2*pi/x/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/x/2)>(-2*pi/x/2)Unable to check sign: (2*p

i/x/2)>(-2*pi/x/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/x/2)>(-2*pi/x/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/x/2)>(-2*pi/x/2)Unab

le to check sign: (2*pi/x/2)>(-2*pi/x/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/x/2)>(-2*pi/x/2)Unable to check sign: (2*p

i/x/2)>(-2*pi/x/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/x/2)>(-2*pi/x/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/x/2)>(-2*pi/x/2)Unab

le to check sign: (2*pi/x/2)>(-2*pi/x/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/x/2)>(-2*pi/x/2)Unable to check sign: (2*p

i/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign

: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to chec

k sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Warning,

integration of abs or sign assumes constant sign by intervals (correct if the argument is real):Check [abs(co

s(f*t_nostep+exp(1)))]Unable to check sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/t_

nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (2

*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check si

gn: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to ch

eck sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable

to check sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)

Unable to check sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nos

tep/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi

/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>

(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/t_nost

ep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (2*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-2*pi/t_nostep/2)Warning, assuming -2*a+a is

positive. Hint: run assume to make assumptions on a variableWarning, assuming -2*a+a is positive. Hint: run as

sume to make assumptions on a variableWarning, assuming -2*a+a is positive. Hint: run assume to make assumptio

ns on a variableWarning, assuming -2*a+a is positive. Hint: run assume to make assumptions on a variableUnable

to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)

Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nos

tep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi

/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>

(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nost

ep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/

t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign:

(4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check

sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to

check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unab

le to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/

2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_n

ostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*

pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2

)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_no

step/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*p

i/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign

: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to chec

k sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable t

o check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Un

able to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_noste

p/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t

_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-

4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep

/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_

nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4

*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check si

gn: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to ch

eck sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable to check sign: (4*pi/t_nostep/2)>(-4*pi/t_nostep/2)Unable